Molarity is the term used to describe the concentration of a solution. In other words, it is the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 litre of solution.
A mole is a unit of measurement for a chemical substance. Molarity emerged from mole, coined by German chemist from Molekul which means molecule.
Molarity (M) = Moles of solute/Litres of solution
Where, solute is the substance dissolved, solvent is the substance where the solute is dissolved (usually water) and the solution is the combination of both solute and solvent.
Example 1. Find the Molarity of a solution where 1.56 moles of sugar is dissolved in 2.79 L of solution?
Answer: Molarity (M) = Moles of solute / Litres of solution
Molarity (M) = 1.56 moles of sugar / 2.79 L of solution
= 0.559 moles/L
Example 2. How many grams of NaCl will be needed to make 1.70 Litres of an aqueous 0.650 M solution?
Answer: The moles of solute (NaCl) should be rearranged, the moles of solute can be converted into grams.
Moles of solute = Molarity (moles/L) × L of solution
= 0.650 (moles/L) × 1.70 L
= 1.105 moles
Now, by using the molar mass of NaCl, convert the moles of solute into grams.
Na = 22.99 g/mol
Cl = 35.45 g/mol
NaCl = 22.99 + 35.45 g/mol
Grams of NaCl = 1.105 moles × 58.44 gms/mole
= 64.57 gms
The molarity equation can also be calculated by:
Moles = molarity × litres
Molarity = moles/litres
Litres = moles / molarity
Another schematic diagram to explain Molarity:
Calculate Molarity with Moles and Volume:
Molarity = moles of solute/litres of solution
Example: Find the molarity of a solution containing 0.67mol NaCl in 3.7 Litres?
Moles= 0.67 mol NaCl
Volume = 3.7 L
Molarity = 0.67mol / 3.7L
= 0.181 M NaCl
Calculate Molarity with Mass and Volume:
Example: Find the molarity of a solution by dissolving 2.8 g of KMnO4 in 4.3 liters of water?
Mass = 2.8 g KMnO4
Volume = 5.2 L
Here, you have to find the molar mass of the solute using the periodic table of elememts.
Molar mass of K = 39.1 g
Molar mass of Mn = 54.9 g
Molar mass of O = 16.0 g
Total molar mass = K + Mn + O + O + O + O = 39.1 + 54.9 + 16 + 16 + 16 + 16 = 158.0 g
= 2.8 g × 1 mol / 158g (convert grams into moles)
= 0.0177 mol
Now, we can calculate the molarity:
= 0.0177 mol / 4.3 L
= 0.00411
= 0.004 M KMnO4
Calculate Molarity with Moles and Millilitres:
Example: Find the molarity of a solution containing 2.3 moles CaCl2 in 2985 milliliters?
Moles = 2.3 mol CaCl2
Volume = 2985mL
Convert mL into litres
= 2985mL × 1 / 1000mL
= 2.985 L
Now, calculate the molarity:
= moles of solute/litres of solution
= 2.3mol / 2.985L
= 0.7705
= 0.770 M CaCl2
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